CCNA 200-301 考纲结构速览
CCNA 200-301 是 Cisco 的入门网络认证——考核范围宽,从基础协议到安全到自动化都有涉及。本章把 CCNA 考纲和本书内容一一对应,让你知道哪些知识已经覆盖、哪里需要补充。
考试基本信息
考试代码:200-301 CCNA
时长:120 分钟
题目数量:约 100-120 题(选择、拖放、仿真题)
通过分数:825/1000
费用:约 $330(美元),各地考试中心价格不同
语言:英文(部分地区有中文选项)
有效期:3 年(需要继续教育或重考续期)
考试形式:
多选题(单选/多选)
拖放题(拖动配置到正确位置)
仿真题(在 Cisco 模拟器中配置真实命令)← 高分关键
填空题(较少)
考纲六大领域(Domain)
Domain 权重 对应本书章节
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
1. Network Fundamentals(网络基础) 20% Ch01-Ch02
2. Network Access(网络接入) 20% Ch03 + Ch09
3. IP Connectivity(IP 连通性) 25% Ch04-Ch05
4. IP Services(IP 服务) 10% Ch02 + Ch07
5. Security Fundamentals(安全基础) 15% Ch06
6. Automation and Programmability(自动化) 10% 本书不涵盖
Domain 1:Network Fundamentals(20%)
1.1 Explain the role and function of network components
路由器、交换机、防火墙、AP、WLC、终端的作用
← 本书 Ch01 全部覆盖
1.2 Describe characteristics of network topology architectures
2-tier(Access-Distribution)/ 3-tier(Access-Distribution-Core)
Spine-Leaf(数据中心)/ WAN / SOHO
1.3 Compare physical interface and cabling types
Single-mode / Multi-mode 光纤,铜缆类型(Cat5e/6/6a)
1.4 Identify interface and cable issues(在 Cisco 模拟器中)
排查 Up/Down,错误帧,速率/双工不匹配
1.5 Compare TCP to UDP
← 本书 Ch01§2 全部覆盖
1.6 Configure and verify IPv4 addressing and subnetting
← 本书 Ch02 全部覆盖(重点!)
1.7 Describe the need for private IPv4 addressing
← 本书 Ch02§1 覆盖
1.8 Configure and verify IPv6 addressing and prefix
IPv6 地址配置命令(补充,本书简介)
1.9 Compare IPv4 and IPv6
← 本书 Ch01, Ch02 有覆盖
1.10 Verify IP parameters for Client OS(Windows/Linux/macOS)
ipconfig, ip addr, ifconfig 输出解读
Domain 2:Network Access(20%)
2.1 Configure and verify VLANs spanning multiple switches
← 本书 Ch03§3 全部覆盖
2.2 Configure and verify interswitch connectivity
Trunk 配置:switchport mode trunk, allowed vlan
← 本书 Ch03§3 覆盖
2.3 Configure and verify Layer 2 discovery protocols(CDP/LLDP)
show cdp neighbors / show lldp neighbors
(本书未专门覆盖,需补充)
2.4 Configure and verify(Layer 2/Layer 3)EtherChannel
LACP / PAgP 配置命令
(本书未专门覆盖,需补充)
2.5 Interpret basic operations of Rapid PVST+ Spanning Tree Protocol
← 本书 Ch03§2 覆盖 RSTP
2.6 Describe Cisco Wireless Architectures and AP modes
← 本书 Ch09 全部覆盖
2.7 Describe physical infrastructure connections of WLAN
← 本书 Ch09 覆盖
Domain 3:IP Connectivity(25%)——最重分量
3.1 Interpret the components of routing table
← 本书 Ch04§1 全部覆盖
3.2 Determine how a router makes a forwarding decision by default
最长前缀匹配、管理距离
← 本书 Ch04§1 覆盖
3.3 Configure and verify IPv4 and IPv6 static routing
← 本书 Ch04 全部覆盖
3.4 Configure and verify single area OSPFv2
← 本书 Ch05§1-§2 全部覆盖
3.5 Describe the purpose, functions and concepts of first hop redundancy
HSRP(Hot Standby Router Protocol):虚拟网关 IP/MAC
VRRP / GLBP(概念了解)
(本书未覆盖,需补充)
Domain 4:IP Services(10%)
4.1 Configure and verify inside source NAT
← 本书 Ch02 + Ch06 有覆盖 NAT 概念
4.2 Configure and verify NTP
NTP 服务器/客户端配置(Cisco 命令)
4.3 Explain the role of DHCP and DNS within the network
← 本书 Ch02§1, Ch01§3 覆盖
4.4 Explain the function of SNMP in network operations
SNMP v1/v2c/v3,OID,MIB,Get/Set/Trap
4.5 Describe the use of syslog features(levels/facilities)
Emergency(0) ~ Debug(7) 日志级别
(本书未专门覆盖)
4.6 Configure and verify DHCP client and relay
ip helper-address(DHCP 中继)
4.7 Explain the forwarding per-hop behavior(PHB)for QoS
DSCP 标记,CoS,流量分类(VoIP 优先)
4.8 Configure network devices for remote access using SSH
← DevOps 指南有覆盖
Domain 5:Security Fundamentals(15%)
5.1 Define key security concepts(threats, attacks, vulnerabilities)
中间人攻击、ARP 欺骗、DoS/DDoS、Social Engineering
5.2 Describe security program elements
用户意识培训、AAA、多因素认证
5.3 Configure and verify device access control(local passwords)
Cisco 设备密码加密:service password-encryption
5.4 Configure and verify access control lists(ACL)
← 本书 Ch06 有覆盖原理(但 Cisco 命令需补充)
5.5 Configure and verify Layer 2 security features
Port Security / 802.1X / DHCP Snooping / DAI
5.6 Compare authentication, authorization, and accounting concepts(AAA)
5.7 Describe wireless security protocols(WPA2/WPA3)
← 本书 Ch09§2 全部覆盖
5.8 Configure WLAN using WPA2 PSK
Domain 6:Automation and Programmability(10%)
6.1 Explain how automation impacts network management
传统手动管理 vs 自动化(减少错误,加快部署)
6.2 Compare traditional networks with controller-based networking
SDN(Software Defined Networking):Cisco DNA Center, ACI
数据平面 vs 控制平面 vs 管理平面
6.3 Describe controller-based and software defined architectures
Underlay / Overlay / Fabric 概念
Cisco SD-Access, SD-WAN
6.4 Compare traditional campus device management with Cisco DNA Center
GUI 配置 vs Intent-Based Networking
6.5 Describe characteristics of REST and JSON API
GET/POST/PUT/DELETE HTTP 方法
JSON 格式(键值对、数组)
6.6 Recognize the capabilities of configuration management
Ansible, Puppet, Chef(概念,不要求动手配置)
6.7 Recognize components of JSON-encoded data
JSON 语法识别(考试给 JSON 要能读懂)
← 本书不专门覆盖,需要其他学习资源
本书覆盖度总览
Domain 本书覆盖度 重点章节
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
网络基础(Domain 1) ████████░░ 85% Ch01-Ch02
网络接入(Domain 2) ██████░░░░ 60% Ch03、Ch09
IP 连通性(Domain 3) ████████░░ 85% Ch04-Ch05
IP 服务(Domain 4) ████░░░░░░ 40% Ch02、Ch06
安全基础(Domain 5) ██████░░░░ 65% Ch06、Ch09
自动化(Domain 6) ░░░░░░░░░░ 5% 未涵盖
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
总体覆盖度 约 65%
需要额外补充:
① Cisco IOS 命令语法(本书以 Linux/FRR 为主)
② EtherChannel / CDP / LLDP
③ HSRP / VRRP(第一跳冗余协议)
④ QoS / SNMP / Syslog
⑤ 自动化和 SDN(Domain 6)
下一节:本书章节与考纲考点对照表——详细的考点 ↔ 章节双向索引,快速定位每个考点在本书的哪里。