医疗与金融领域微调

高监管领域的微调面临特殊挑战：数据稀缺、合规要求严格、准确性要求极高、错误代价很大。

领域微调挑战

医疗领域微调

"""
医疗领域微调数据处理
"""
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from enum import Enum
import re
class MedicalTaskType(Enum):
DIAGNOSIS_ASSIST = "diagnosis_assist"       # 辅助诊断
REPORT_SUMMARY = "report_summary"           # 报告摘要
PATIENT_QA = "patient_qa"                   # 患者问答
DRUG_INTERACTION = "drug_interaction"        # 药物交互检查
CLINICAL_NOTE = "clinical_note"             # 病历记录
@dataclass
class MedicalSample:
"""医疗训练样本"""
task: MedicalTaskType
instruction: str
output: str
evidence: str = ""          # 证据来源（论文/指南）
confidence: str = "medium"  # 置信度级别
class MedicalDataPipeline:
"""医疗数据处理管道"""
# PHI（Protected Health Information）模式
PHI_PATTERNS = [
(re.compile(r'\b\d{3}-\d{2}-\d{4}\b'), '[SSN]'),
(re.compile(r'\b[A-Z][a-z]+\s[A-Z][a-z]+\b'), '[NAME]'),
(re.compile(r'\b\d{1,2}/\d{1,2}/\d{2,4}\b'), '[DATE]'),
(re.compile(r'\b\d{3}[-.]?\d{3}[-.]?\d{4}\b'), '[PHONE]'),
]
def deidentify(self, text: str) -> str:
"""去标识化（HIPAA 合规）"""
for pattern, replacement in self.PHI_PATTERNS:
text = pattern.sub(replacement, text)
return text
def add_disclaimer(self, output: str) -> str:
"""添加医疗免责声明"""
disclaimer = "\n\n⚠️ 此信息仅供参考，不构成医疗建议。请咨询专业医生。"
return output + disclaimer
def prepare_sample(self, sample: MedicalSample) -> dict:
"""准备训练样本"""
instruction = self.deidentify(sample.instruction)
output = self.deidentify(sample.output)
# 医疗任务强制添加置信度
if sample.confidence != "high":
output = f"[置信度: {sample.confidence}] " + output
return {
"instruction": instruction,
"output": self.add_disclaimer(output),
"task": sample.task.value,
}

金融领域微调

"""
金融领域微调框架
"""
from dataclasses import dataclass
from enum import Enum
class FinanceTaskType(Enum):
SENTIMENT = "sentiment"             # 舆情分析
RISK_ASSESSMENT = "risk_assessment" # 风险评估
REPORT_ANALYSIS = "report_analysis" # 财报分析
COMPLIANCE_CHECK = "compliance"     # 合规检查
MARKET_SUMMARY = "market_summary"   # 市场摘要
@dataclass
class FinancialGuardrails:
"""金融领域护栏"""
PROHIBITED_OUTPUTS = [
"保证收益", "稳赚不赔", "一定会涨",
"guaranteed returns", "risk-free",
]
REQUIRED_DISCLAIMERS = {
FinanceTaskType.RISK_ASSESSMENT: "本评估不构成投资建议，投资有风险。",
FinanceTaskType.REPORT_ANALYSIS: "分析基于公开数据，不保证完整性和准确性。",
FinanceTaskType.MARKET_SUMMARY: "市场过往表现不代表未来收益。",
}
def check_output(self, output: str) -> list[str]:
"""检查输出合规性"""
violations = []
for phrase in self.PROHIBITED_OUTPUTS:
if phrase.lower() in output.lower():
violations.append(f"含有禁止用语: '{phrase}'")
return violations
def get_disclaimer(self, task: FinanceTaskType) -> str:
return self.REQUIRED_DISCLAIMERS.get(task, "")

领域微调对比

领域微调最佳实践

本章小结

延伸阅读：LLM 生产实践指南 · LLM 治理实战指南