流程设计与治理

自动化不是"能跑就行"——没有治理的自动化比没有自动化更危险。

流程治理架构

流程文档化

"""
流程文档标准化
"""
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
@dataclass
class ProcessStep:
id: int
name: str
owner: str
input: str
output: str
system: str
sla: str
@dataclass
class ProcessDocument:
"""流程文档"""
name: str
department: str
frequency: str
steps: list[ProcessStep] = field(default_factory=list)
def add_step(self, **kwargs):
step_id = len(self.steps) + 1
self.steps.append(ProcessStep(id=step_id, **kwargs))
def describe(self) -> dict:
return {
"流程名": self.name,
"部门": self.department,
"频率": self.frequency,
"步骤数": len(self.steps),
"涉及系统": list(set(s.system for s in self.steps)),
"步骤": [
{
"步骤": s.id,
"名称": s.name,
"负责人": s.owner,
"输入": s.input,
"输出": s.output,
"系统": s.system,
"SLA": s.sla,
}
for s in self.steps
],
}
# 演示 — 报销流程
expense = ProcessDocument("费用报销", "财务", "按需")
expense.add_step(
name="填写报销单", owner="员工",
input="发票/收据", output="报销单",
system="OA 系统", sla="N/A"
)
expense.add_step(
name="部门审批", owner="部门主管",
input="报销单", output="审批结果",
system="OA 系统", sla="2个工作日"
)
expense.add_step(
name="财务审核", owner="财务",
input="审批后报销单", output="审核结果",
system="ERP", sla="3个工作日"
)
expense.add_step(
name="打款", owner="出纳",
input="审核通过", output="转账凭证",
system="网银", sla="5个工作日"
)
desc = expense.describe()
print(f"=== {desc['流程名']} ===")
print(f"  部门: {desc['部门']}")
for step in desc["步骤"]:
print(f"  {step['步骤']}. {step['名称']} [{step['负责人']}] → {step['系统']} (SLA: {step['SLA']})")

安全与合规

"""
自动化安全检查清单
"""
SECURITY_CHECKLIST = {
"凭证管理": {
"要求": "密码不硬编码，使用密钥管理服务",
"工具": "Azure Key Vault / AWS Secrets Manager / HashiCorp Vault",
"风险": "凭证泄露导致系统被入侵",
},
"最小权限": {
"要求": "机器人账号仅授予必需权限",
"工具": "RBAC 角色权限管理",
"风险": "越权访问敏感数据",
},
"审计日志": {
"要求": "记录所有自动化操作",
"工具": "集中日志系统 (ELK / Splunk)",
"风险": "无法追溯问题和责任",
},
"数据加密": {
"要求": "传输和存储均加密",
"工具": "TLS 1.3 + AES-256",
"风险": "数据在传输中被截获",
},
"变更管理": {
"要求": "自动化流程变更需审批",
"工具": "Git 版本控制 + PR 审核",
"风险": "未经测试的变更导致故障",
},
}
print("=== 安全检查清单 ===")
for item, detail in SECURITY_CHECKLIST.items():
print(f"\n{item}:")
for k, v in detail.items():
print(f"  {k}: {v}")

治理框架

常见合规要求

下一章：实战案例——各部门自动化的真实实践。